Month: October 2020

The Fall of Baekje

Season 3, Episode 12: The Fall of Baekje
Guze Kannon, a Buddhist statue made in the likeness of King Seong of Baekje. It currently resides at the Yumedono (Hall of Dreams) at Horyu-ji temple where it is occasionally displayed. Source: Public Domain
The entrance gate to Baekje Cultural Land, a historical theme park in present-day Seoul, South Korea. Much of Baekje is gone forever, but these kinds of historical investments ensure that it is remembered. Source: travel oriented from Seoul, South Korea / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)

The Rise of the Tang Dynasty

Season 3, Episode 11: The Rise of the Tang Dynasty
Sui Dynasty Provinces circa 610 CE. Note that the Liaodong peninsula in the northeast is still under Koguryo’s control and that the Xiyu States in the west are still not under Chinese suzerainty. Source: Yug / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
The Tang dynasty campaign to subjugate the Xiyu States in the mid 600s. This map is especially helpful because of its inclusion of the Silk road routes. Source: Yug / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
A 1920 Illustration of an embassy from the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) visiting the court of the Tang Dynasty in 643 CE. Source: Public Domain
Expand to see the Tang Dynasty in 700 CE – HISTORY SPOILER WARNING
The Tang Dynasty in 700. If you don’t want spoilers, don’t look too closely! Source: Ian Kiu / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

Peninsular Entanglements

Season 3, Episode 10: Peninsular Entanglements
A decorative roof tile from Koguryo, time period unknown. Source: Public Domain
A mural from a Koguryo tomb. Note that the bird at the center has three legs- this is a common spiritual symbol in Taoism which shows that Koguryo was adopting some aspects of Chinese culture. Source: Public Domain
A diagram from the First Koguryo-Sui War, which ended in a draw between the nations. Source: Qiushufang / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A map of the second Koguryo-Sui War, which ended in a dramatic defeat for the Sui Dynasty but also a costly victory for Koguryo. Source: Qiushufang / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Buddhism Comes to Japan

Season 3, Episode 9: Buddhism Comes to Japan
The front of Asuka-dera temple’s main hall. Though originally built in Asuka, it was later moved to Heijo-kyo (Nara City), where it stands today. It is believed to be one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Japan, possibly the oldest. Source: 663highland / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
The Daibutsu (large Buddha) statue which resides in Asuka-dera. Made in 609 CE by Kuratsukuri no Tori, the son of a Korean immigrant. Source: Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons
The Pagoda of Shitenno-ji temple in modern-day Osaka. This temple, dedicated to the Four Heavenly Kings or Four Guardians, was built in 593 CE under the alleged patronage of Crown Prince Shotoku. Source: Chris Gladis from Kyoto, Japan / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
The Main Hall of Shitenno-ji, with the pagoda visible behind it. Source: 663highland / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

A Brief History of Buddhism

Season 3, Episode 8: A Brief History of Buddhism
Dharmarajika stupa near Taxila, Pakistan. Originally built circa 300 BCE, it displays a classic semi-hemispherical design typical of Indian stupas. Source: Sasha Isachenko / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
Sanchi Stupa, dated to around 125 BCE, is the first known stupa to feature decorative reliefs. It is located in north-central India, in Madhya Pradesh. Source: Kevin Standage (kevinstandage1@googlemail.com) INDIAN TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)
The Indo-Greek Buddhists carved their temples out of nearby caves. These pillars mark the entrance to Cave 17 in the Nasik Caves. Source: Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
A standing Buddha carved into the walls of Cave 17 of the Nasik Caves. Source: Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
Seated Buddha from the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Note that rather than a more asiatic-style robe, he wears a toga. Source: PHGCOM / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A Statue of Athena recovered from the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Source: Uploadmo / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
The many statues of Longmen Grottoes in Henan, China, which began construction during the late 400s and continued, on and off, through the late 600s. As you can hopefully see from the presence of tourists, some of these statues are quite large! Source: WikiLaurent / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda of Xi’an, China. The original was built from rammed earth during the reign of Emperor Gaozong in 652 CE, but it collapsed after fifty years and was rebuilt during the reign of Empress Wu Zitan near the end of Japan’s Asuka Period. Source: Alex Kwok / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

The Clans of Yamato

Season 3, Episode 7: The Clans of Yamato
A Map of Japan with the Yamato Region highlighted in red. While it may appear to be a perfect, almost central location, keep in mind that this map does not display the topography, which would complicate things for future rulers. Source: Ash_Crow / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
Here is a topographical map of the Nara Basin itself. The mountains around it could make for decent defensive positions if need be, and the broad plain between them was fertile and remains some of the best rice land in Japan. Public Domain.
Mononobe no Okoshi, who served as Omuraji and whose clan served as primarily a military clan. This image of him was painted by Kikuchi Yosai, a famous painter who did many such historical portraits in the 1800s.
Otomo no Kanamura, who served alongside Mononobe no Okoshi at the Yamato Court. It was Otomo no Kanamura who far too often or perhaps too forcefully advocated for an invasion of Silla and was removed from his position at the court when Okoshi refused to support his endeavors. This image was also painted by Kikuchi Yosai in the 1800s. Public Domain.

Kofun Art

Season 3, Episode 6: Kofun Art
An assortment of Haji ware pottery, the unglazed earthenware popularized by indigenous craftspersons in Kofun Japan. Source: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China / CC0
A small Haji ware dish. Up close, you can really see how porous Haji ware was, which could make it difficult to clean. Public Domain.
A Sue ware pot, made using the kiln-firing technique imported from the peninsula. The exterior is visibly smoother and this piece looks like it has held up remarkably well. Source: Ismoon (talk) 19:39, 25 September 2017 (UTC) / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A Sue ware flask from the 600s with ash glaze splashed across it. Public Domain.
A leftover haniwa head. The empty eyes and mouth always appear especially haunting to me. Public Domain.
A haniwa statue of a monkey, or what’s left of the poor fellow. Source: Kestrel / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A painting on the wall of the Goroyama Kofun tomb. Can you guess what this image represents? It’s a building with a red door. Public Domain.
Relief painting from the Takehara Kofun Tomb. Public Domain.
Rakan statues from the Kingdom of Kibi. Mysterious and very different from their neighbors. Source: 663highland / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

Who Ruled in Kofun Japan?

Season 3, Episode 5: Who Ruled Kofun Japan?
A Haniwa statue of a Kofun Period warrior holding a sword and wearing armor. While later samurai armor would utilize different materials, these statues are interesting for revealing that the actual style of the amor in Japan stayed relatively the same for more than a thousand years. Source: Tokyo National Museum / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Not every Haniwa was a person or animal – this one is a house! Public Domain
A partially-recovered haniwa statue featuring a fellow with a stylish hat! Source: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China / CC0
A Kofun-era crown. Bronze tends to turn green over time, but it probably looked stunning when it was first made. Source: PHGCOM / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

The Kofun Way of War

Season 3, Episode 4: The Kofun Way of War
A Kofun Period helm and cuirass, which as you can see would have covered a considerable portion of its user’s vital areas. Public Domain.
Closer view of a Kofun Helm, which was both protective and decorative. Just because you’re charging into battle doesn’t mean you can’t look fabulous! Source: PHGCOM / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
Kofun Period Shield, which looks quite sufficient for protecting its warrior from swords and arrows and such. Source: PHGCOM / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)