A photograph of a Chinese defensive machine gun nest guarding the city of Shanghai. The troops are wearing German-style helmets because they were trained and organized by German officers on loan from Germany. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of Japanese troops storming Shanghai. They are wearing gas masks and protective gear because they planned to deploy chemical weapons. Source: Public Domain
An aerial photograph showing a warehouse in Shanghai which is burning after being hit by Japanese ordnance. The Imperial Japanese Army targeted civilian buildings as well as military structures with little appreciation for protecting non-combatants. Source: John Montgomery, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
An aerial photograph of the wall and moat which protected the city of Nanjing in 1930, seven years before that city’s violent seizure by the Imperial Japanese Army. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of Japanese tanks attacking a gatehouse at Nanjing, approaching with the cover of artillery fire, whose devastating effects can be seen in the photo’s background. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of Chinese prisoners of war under guard by Japanese soldiers. Every one would be summarily executed sometime after this photo was taken. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of a Chinese prisoner shortly before being beheaded by Japanese troops just outside of Nanjing. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of a Japanese soldier in the vicinity of Nanjing holding a severed head and smiling. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of the bodies of Chinese prisoners which were dumped in a pond in the vicinity of Nanjing after their executions by the Imperial Japanese Army. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of Chinese bodies washing up on the shores of the Yangtze River, victims of the Nanjing Massacre. Source: Public Domain
A photograph of the USS Panay, a river gunboat operating under a US Flag which was sunk by Japanese pilots shortly after Nanjing’s fall. Source: Public Domain
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